illness – The Social Critic

A 25-year-old man who in March was diagnosed with tuberculosis was arrested some 15 miles outside of Bakersfield, California, after vacating a motel room in which he was ordered to remain while receiving treatment.

Half a world away, The World Health Organization has confirmed more than 800 Ebola cases in three West African nations. Thus far, one American has died and two more are gravely ill.

Appearing Tuesday, July 29 on CNN to address the concern that Ebola’s emergence outside of West Africa may be but one airline flight away, Dr. Marty Cetron, director of the CDC’s Global Migration and Quarantine Division, indicated that preparation, recognition and containment is “more important than speculating on propababilites of disease moving around by plane”.

The CDC describes the risk of Ebola showing up in the United States as “remote”. The American widow of a top official in the Liberian Ministry of Finance, whose spouse collapsed and later died, sees it differently. Decontee Sawyer told a Minnesota news station that the outbreak “is as close as the front door”.

The contrasts are stark: On the one hand, long-accepted efforts to contain the spread of TB have allowed for the arrest and forcible quarantine of an uncooperative patient in California. On the other hand, the CDC has done little more than issue an advisory to U.S. doctors regarding the West African outbreak. Notably missing from the CDC’s response is the means by which the agency is working to prevent Ebola’s emergence here on the home front.

Perhaps fear of public panic has shuttered what are, in fact, more proactive containment efforts behind the CDC’s closed doors. Whatever the case may be, the public face of the CDC on the heels of several domestic near-misses would appear to be oddly passive. Impacted nations in West Africa have begun to shut down borders and to screen prospective airline passengers, yet prevention efforts within the U.S. are at best low key. The CDC’s efforts to assure reporters that North Americans have little to fear may signal reassurance to some, but may also play like a case of institutional hubris: “It won’t happen here.” and “Our medical system is too sophisticated to have it go far if it does.”.

Anyone who has sought timely treatment from the Veteran’s Administration or shown up at a suburban emergency room, as I did earlier this year, without so much as an available wheelchair or gurney might beg to differ with the notion that the U.S. health care system is in any way, shape or form prepared for a natural disaster on the order of Hurricane Katrina, let alone global pandemic. But we live in a society in which saying that we’re safe often passes for the real thing, thanks to a coping mechanism known as the “normalcy bias“.

Call it denial or call it overconfidence, our vulnerabilities tend to remain unchallenged until the unthinkable occurs. Ebola notwithstanding, we remain at risk of “medical terrorism” — that is, terrorists’ use of infectious people as biological weapons. As efforts to board airliners with conventional explosives fail, it is not beyond the scope of possibility that terrorists will board seriously ill passengers on international fights as an alternative.

Isn’t it time we walked the walk of public safety, not merely talk the talk?

In view of the gaping security hole we have tolerated all these years as we focus on shoe and even cell phone bombers — and now with the impetus of the Ebola outbreak at our backs — might it be appropriate to implement a brief health screening, executed in tandem with the screening procedures international travelers are already accustomed to?

Step 1: Check for fever. There are non-invasive means of doing so, and as a timesaver this could be done while passing baggage through scanners.

Step 2: Using multilingual pamphlets as an aid, ask prospective international travelers six questions:

1) Have you or someone you are traveling with recently come into contact with an individual hospitalized for a communicable illness?

2) Have you or someone you have recently come into contact with experienced nausea or diarrhea, not related to a previously diagnosed medical condition?

3) Are you presently experiencing body aches not related to physical exertion or a previously diagnosed medical condition?

4) In the past 72 hours have you experienced unusually severe or persistent headaches, not related to a known condition such as a migraine?

5) In the past 72 hours have you developed a sudden, persistent or severe cough, not related to a previously-diagnosed condition?

6) Have you experienced rapid or severe irritation of the throat or skin within the past 72 hours, not related to a previously-diagnosed medical condition?

Thanks to technology, public health officials could be made available over Skype to address any questions that may arise out of such screening. Alternately, nurse practitioners could be employed by the Transportation and Security Administration (TSA) to evaluate travelers who are flagged for fever and/or for answering “Yes” to two or more questions indicated above. To be clear, these efforts would not reveal the cause or seriousness of such symptoms. Even so, with cancer patients, the very young, the very old and the immuno-compromised vulnerable even to ordinary communicable illnesses, a greater emphasis on infectious disease prevention can only help, not harm, society. In the broader view, moreover, efforts to normalize screening measures could perform a valuable public service. It could help drive home a universally-relevant message — that it is best to stay home while ill — and thus prime the public to take proper precautions and/or heed public health warnings in the event of a genuine pandemic threat.

Ebola in West Africa may indeed come and go, leaving the developed world largely untouched. But tragedies like this are opportunities, too. The Ebola outbreak highlights the need for authorities to make international travel by airline and cruise ship safer. Far from triggering panic, routine screening efforts are likely to become accepted in due time. In this way, should an even greater pandemic threat emerge, there will already be people and procedures in place to identify and curtail the spread of infectious diseases at international travel hubs — all without raising undo alarm. If public health officials are at all concerned that new or intrusive efforts to step up prevention will only provoke needless panic, a desensitizing strategy in which such screenings become the norm, not the exception, would go a long way toward putting to rest much of the debate: Do we act now or do we wait?

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Remember that story a few years back about the mysterious honeybee affliction known as Colony Collapse Disorder? It didn’t remain in the headlines for long but it should have: Honeybees pollinate up to 1/3 of the world’s crops. Lose them and we lose a great deal of human civilization to malnutrition.

I was reminded of this sad phenomena over the holidays when, from city to city, county to county, I kept stepping over dead and dying honeybees. Not just one, but several. Not merely one week, but several weeks in a row. Three years earlier — and what first brought CCD to my attention when I came online in search of an explanation — I took a walk in a local park and saw hundreds of bees dying on the ground. It was all I could do to keep my dog from stepping on them, a number of them still trying, fruitlessly so, to fly. A few weeks later at another park, I saw the same phenomena. The carnage became so commonplace that year that I eventually lost count.

Now here comes a late-breaking 2009 headline nearly lost amidst end-of-year festivities:

Bayer ‘Disappointed’ in Ruling on Chemical That May Harm Bees | Bloomberg.com

Bayer’s newest chemical wonder, Spirotetramat, was not on the market when CCD surfaced, but what is alarming about this story is that the EPA apparently approved it, critics allege, knowing that it could heighten or accelerate the harm to a critical link in the food chain.

Our food chain.

This story begs the question: How many scientists, executives and EPA administrators over the years have let “just one” pass, downplaying the cumulative harm to animal and human immune systems alike? It also is a reminder that our collective attention span is painfully short. In 2006 the EPA urged DuPont, maker of the ubiquitous nonstick coating Teflon®, among others, to enter a voluntary agreement to phase out the controversial chemical ingredients known as PFOA/PFOS. Here we are in 2010 — the date when 95 percent of this “likely carcinogen” was supposed to be eliminated from factory emissions, and eventually our food packaging, bathroom cleaners, stain repellents, cookware, electronics and personal care products — and no dice. Conveniently, the “real” phase-out date is 2015.

Do we really need to ask why there is a cancer epidemic? An autism epidemic? More people suffering from degenerative diseases despite better nutrition in the modern era? Increased autoimmune illnesses, among them an epidemic of childhood asthma? Or do we need only look in the mirror?

This isn’t a pitch toward “radical environmentalism” and it isn’t a slam on Big Corporate Enterprise. This is about self interest. No one will watch our backs if we ourselves won’t. As consumers, what we buy dominates the market. What we refuse to purchase will fall by the wayside for lack of consumer demand. True, it sounds far-fetched to think that we wield that kind of power. But big trends start with little people — ordinary folks who have the foresight to lead the way.

Our vote is our pocketbook.

Above and beyond any political or ideological position, those who hope and pray for a happy, healthy life for their children and grandchildren have cause to care. The emerging science of epigenetics suggests that undesirable genetic traits, when awakened by environmental triggers such as stress, obesity, malnutrition and toxins in our environment, may alter the expression of DNA inherited by our children and their children. No longer is the biblical metaphor that holds that the “‘sins’ of the fathers shall be visited upon the sons” merely figurative. If an disaster of apocalyptic proportions is afoot — as some have asserted — it is manmade, not God-made.

Speculation as to the cause of CCD abounds, but this much science makes increasingly clear as we plow deeper into the 21st Century: There is no such thing as a zero impact. Even seemingly inconsequential actions undergo a magnifier effect in the real world, not unlike an expanding ripple on a pond. This sets in motion repercussions for bees and people alike. But that realization, as dire as it sounds, is also key to our success: Assuming we created the problem, we can fix it.

Our greatest challenge is to simply acknowledge that there is a problem.

Fortunately for us, we’re not living in 1965 or even 1985. It has never been easier to jot down a product name and research its profile with minimal time, effort and expense on the Internet. Just a few minutes a week or month may literally mean the difference between those companies who profit at our expense vs. those who are forced to evolve their products to meet the expectations and needs of smarter consumers.

It’s a new year and a new decade. The future is in our hands.

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